Methods of shaping ionomeric materials such as Nafion: (a1) heat

Nafion painted onto an ABS weighing dish to create a maple leaf shaped

The SMP film actuator presented in [165]. An image of the 3D-printed

A) SEM images of P-Nafion (left) and N117 (right), ×300, (B) SEM

A bio-inspired multi degree of freedom actuator based on a novel cylindrical ionic polymer-metal composite material

Freeform fabrication of ionomeric polymer-metal composite actuators

Kam LEANG, Associate Professor, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, University of Utah, Utah, UOU, Department of Mechanical Engineering

Illustration of a tri-layer conjugated polymer actuator demonstrating

Kam LEANG, Associate Professor, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, University of Utah, Utah, UOU, Department of Mechanical Engineering

Fabrication of a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) by a platinum catalyzed

Kam LEANG, Associate Professor, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, University of Utah, Utah, UOU, Department of Mechanical Engineering

PDF) A comprehensive review of select smart polymeric and gel actuators for soft mechatronics and robotics applications: fundamentals, freeform fabrication, and motion control